EMDR is a trauma processing tool that is effective for chronic, long-term trauma and acute, single-incident trauma. The therapist guides the client through memories of trauma at a pace that is manageable for the individual. Distancing techniques and calming visualizations are used to help the client manage painful aspects of traumatic memories. EMDR also involves bi-lateral physiological stimulation, via handheld buzzers, headphones or hand tapping, to shift traumatic memories from parts of the brain associated intense emotional arousal to parts ot the brain that store neutral, integrated memories.